Symptoms

• When there is increase in intra-abdominal pressure, such as laughing, sneezing, coughing or exercise, urine leaks out without control

Causes

• Laxed pelvic muscle resulting in reduced ability to control the urethra
• When increase in intra-abdominal pressure, urine leaks
• occur more frequently in the multiparous women, obesity, chronic cough, constipation or older women

Investigation

• After excluding urinary tract infection and other causes, Urodynamic Study can prove stress urinary incontinence

Management

• Conservative treatment
  • Behavioral modification e.g. weight reduction, avoid heavy lifting, prevent constipation, avoid chronic cough, etc
  • pelvic floor exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscle
  • biofeedback: by means of visual, audio and tactile hints, leading correct method on pelvic floor exercise
  • electrical stimulation on pelvic floor muscle

• Surgical treatment (Common surgery)
  • Burch Colposuspension
  • Tension free vaginal tape