Symptoms
- Involuntary urinary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency
- signs and symptoms include frequency of urine, urgency, increased in day time frequency, nocturia
Causes
- Actual cause not well known. It may be cause by instability of detrusor muscle or damage of Central Nervous System inhibitory pathways leading to involuntary urinary leakage
Investigation
- After excluding urinary tract infection and other causes, Urodynamic Study and cystoscopy can provide a definite diagnosis
Management
- Bladder training
- restore continence by re-educating the bladder to a ‘normal’ or improved pattern of voiding and to avoid episodes of incontinence by planned voiding regime
- Pelvic floor exercise
- Medication
- e.g Anticholinergics, β3-adrenoceptor agonist to inhibit involuntary contraction of bladder muscle to prevent urinary incontinence